Firstly, let us know what the poem is all about. A poem is a piece of writing that partakes of the nature of both speech and song that is nearly always rhythmical, usually metaphorical, and often exhibits such formal elements as meter, rhyme, and stanzaic structure.
When you hear a poem, it sounds great and creative especially to those people who love it. In different theaters around the world, they still use some poems for their presentations. Some of the famous authors you know are very excellent at doing it. They know how to capture the heart and mind of a reader. Behind the poem, there is sometimes a mysterious meaning.
Here is one of the examples of a poem entitled “Daffodils” by William Wordsworth (1770-1850).
I wandered lonely as a cloud
That floats on high o’er vales and hills,
When all at once I saw a crowd,
A host, of golden daffodils;
Beside the lake, beneath the trees,
Fluttering and dancing in the breeze.
Continuous as the stars that shine
And twinkle on the milky way,
They stretched in never-ending line
Along the margin of a bay:
Ten thousand saw I at a glance,
Tossing their heads in sprightly dance.
The waves beside them danced; but they
Out-did the sparkling waves in glee:
A poet could not but be gay,
In such a jocund company:
I gazed—and gazed—but little thought
What wealth the show to me had brought:
For oft, when on my couch I lie
In vacant or in pensive mood,
They flash upon that inward eye
Which is the bliss of solitude;
And then my heart with pleasure fills,
And dances with the daffodils.
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Here are some types and forms of poems.
Acrostic
– a poem where certain letters in each line spell out a word or phrase.
Alexandrine
– the leading measure in French poetry. It consists of a line of 12 syllables with major stresses on the 6th syllable (which precedes the medial caesura [pause]) and on the last syllable, and one secondary accent in each half line.
Allegory
– used to reveal a hidden meaning or message, like the moral. It is mostly used characters and events to convey a meaning.
Anagram
– a form of wordplay in which letters of a word or phrase are rearranged in such a way that a new word or phrase is formed.
Aubade
– a morning love song or a song or poem about lovers separating at dawn.
Ballad
– a poem that is typically arranged in quatrains with the rhyme scheme ABAB. Ballads are usually narrative, which means they tell a story.
Ballade
– a form of lyric poetry that originated in medieval France. Ballades follow a strict rhyme scheme (“ababbcbc”), and typically have three eight-line stanzas followed by a shorter four-line stanza called an envoi.
Blank verse
– a poetry written with regular metrical but unrhymed lines, almost always in iambic pentameter.
Bucolic
– a short poem about pastoral (cow) life or a country person, who is stereotyped as a cowherd.
Burlesque
– a literary, dramatic or musical work intended to cause laughter by caricaturing the manner or spirit of serious works, or by ludicrous treatment of their subjects.
Cacophony
– points to a situation in which there is a mixture of harsh and inharmonious sounds.
Canto
– a subdivision or part in a narrative or epic poem, consisting of five or more lines such, as a stanza, which could also be a canto.
Canzone
– a lyric poem originating in medieval Italy and France and usually consisting of hendecasyllabic lines with end-rhyme.
Carol
– a hymn or poem often sung by a group, with an individual taking changing stanzas and the group taking the burden or refrain.
Conceit
– an often unconventional, logically complex, or surprising metaphor whose delights are more intellectual than sensual.
Couplet
– a pair of successive rhyming lines, usually of the same length.
Dactyl
– a metrical foot consisting of an accented syllable followed by two unaccented syllables; the words “poetry” and “basketball” are both dactylic.
Dirge
– a brief hymn or song of lamentation and grief; it was typically composed to be performed at a funeral.
Doggerel
-bad verse traditionally characterized by clichés, clumsiness, and irregular meter. It is often unintentionally humorous.
Dramatic Monologue
– a poem in which an imagined speaker addresses a silent listener, usually not the reader.
Eclogue
– a brief, dramatic pastoral poem, set in an idyllic rural place but discussing urban, legal, political, or social issues.
Elegy
– a melancholy poem that laments its subject’s death but ends in consolation.
Envoi or Envoy
– the brief stanza that ends French poetic forms such as the ballade or sestina. It usually serves as a summation or a dedication to a particular person.
Epic
– a long narrative poem in which a heroic protagonist engages in an action of great mythic or historical significance.
Epitaph
– a short poem intended for (or imagined as) an inscription on a tombstone and often serving as a brief elegy.
Epithalamion
– A lyric poem in praise of Hymen (the Greek god of marriage), an epithalamion often blesses a wedding and in modern times is often read at the wedding ceremony or reception.
Found poem
– a prose text or texts reshaped by a poet into quasi-metrical lines.
Free verse
– nonmetrical, nonrhyming lines that closely follow the natural rhythms of speech.
Haiku or Hukko
– a Japanese verse form most often composed, in English versions, of three unrhymed lines of five, seven, and five syllables. A haiku often features an image, or a pair of images, meant to depict the essence of a specific moment in time.
Imagery
– elements of a poem that invoke any of the five senses to create a set of mental images. Specifically, using vivid or figurative language to represent ideas, objects, or actions.
Limerick
– a fixed light-verse form of five generally anapestic lines rhyming AABBA.
Lyric
– originally a composition meant for musical accompaniment. The term refers to a short poem in which the poet, the poet’s persona, or another speaker expresses personal feelings.
Ode
– a formal, often ceremonious lyric poem that addresses and often celebrates a person, place, thing, or idea.
Pastoral
– a literary work (such as a poem or play) dealing with shepherds or rural life in a usually artificial manner and typically drawing a contrast between the innocence and serenity of the simple life and the misery and corruption of city and especially court life.
Petrarchan sonnet
– divides the 14 lines into two sections: an eight-line stanza (octave) rhyming ABBAABBA, and a six-line stanza (sestet) rhyming CDCDCD or CDEEDE. It is perfected by the Italian poet Petrarch.
Quatrain
– a stanza in a poem that has exactly four lines.
Refrain
– a phrase or line repeated at intervals within a poem, especially at the end of a stanza.
Senryu
– a 3-line unrhymed Japanese poem structurally similar to haiku but treating human nature usually in an ironic or satiric vein.
Shakespearean sonnet
– a poem with three quatrains, using a rhyme scheme of abab cdcd efef, followed by an ending couplet of two lines with a rhyme scheme of gg. An example of a Shakespearean sonnet is one of Shakespeare’s love sonnets.
Sonnet
– a 14-line poem with a variable rhyme scheme originating in Italy and brought to England by Sir Thomas Wyatt and Henry Howard, earl of Surrey in the 16th century.
Tanka
– a Japanese poem which can also be known as a waka or uta. A tanka poem is similar to a haiku but has two additional lines. A Japanese form of five lines with 5, 7, 5, 7, and 7 syllables—31 in all.
Terza rima
– an Italian form of poetry first used by Dante Alighieri. A terza rima consists of stanzas of three lines (or tercets) usually in iambic pentameter. It follows an interlocking rhyming scheme, or chain rhyme.
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